Manual Testing Questions & Answers (Compiled from UPSC, SSC ,PSC ,IBPS previous question papers)

Concurrency Testing (also commonly known as Multi User Testing) is used to know the effects of accessing the Application, Code Module or Database by different users at the same time.It helps in identifying and measuring the problems in Response time, levels of locking and deadlocking in the application.

Example

Load runner is widely used for this type of testing, Vugen (Virtual User Generator) is used to add the number of concurrent users and how the users need to be added like Gradual Ramp up or Spike Stepped.

Web application is tested in 3 phases
1. Web tier testing –> browser compatibility
2. Middle tier testing –> functionality, security
3. Data base tier testing –> database integrity, contents

Entry Criteria is the process that must be present when a system begins, like,

•  SRS (Software Requirement Specification)
•  FRS (Functional Requirement Specification)
•  Usecase
•  Test Case
•  Test plan

Exit Criteria ensures whether testing is completed and the application is ready for release, like,

• Test Summary Report
• Metrics
• Defect Analysis report

The main basis for the test case review is
1. Testing techniques oriented review
2. Requirements oriented review
3. Defects oriented review.

The terms Priority and Severity are used in Bug Tracking to share the importance of a bug among the team and to fix it.
Severity: Is found in the Application point of view

Priority- Is found in the User point of view
Severity- (tells the seriousness/depth of the bug)

1. The Severity status is used to explain how badly the deviation is affecting the build.
2. The severity type is defined by the tester based on the written test cases and functionality.

Example

If an application or a web page crashes when a remote link is clicked, in this case clicking the remote link by an user is rare but the impact of application crashing is severe, so the severity is high and priority is low.

PRIORITY- (tells which bug should rectify first)

1. The Priority status is set by the tester to the developer mentioning the time frame to fix a defect. If High priority is mentioned then the developer has to fix it at the earliest.
2. The priority status is set based on the customer requirements.

Example

If the company name is misspelled in the home page of a website, then the priority is high and the severity is low to fix it.

Severity: Describes the bug in terms of functionality.
Priority: Describes the bug in terms of customer.

Few examples:

High Severity and Low Priority -> Application doesn't allow customer expected configuration.
High Severity and High Priority -> Application doesn't allow multiple user's.
Low Severity and High Priority -> No error message to prevent wrong operation. 
Low Severity and low Priority -> Error message is having complex meaning.

Or

Few examples:

High Severity -Low priority

Supposing, you try the wildest or the weirdest of operations in a software (say, to be released the next day) which a normal user would not do and supposing this renders a run -time error in the application,the severity would be high. The priority would be low as the operations or the steps which rendered this error by most chances will not be done by a user.

Low Severity -High priority

An example would be- you find a spelling mistake in the name of the website which you are testing.Say, the name is supposed to be Google and its spelled there as 'Gaogle'. Though, it doesn't affect the basic functionality of the software, it needs to be corrected before the release. Hence, the priority is high.

High severity- High Priority

A bug which is a show stopper. i.e., a bug due to which we are unable to proceed our testing.An example would be a run time error during the normal operation of the software,which would cause the application to quit abruptly.

Low severity - low priority

Cosmetic bugs

• Severity- tells the seriousness/depth of the bug where as
• Priority- tells which bug should rectify first.
• Severity- Application point of view
• Priority- User point of view

Severity:
1. This is assigned by the Test Engineer
2. This is to say how badly the deviation that is occurring is affecting the other modules of the build or release.
Priority:
1. This is assigned by the Developer.
2. This is to say how soon the bug as to be fixed in the main code, so that it pass the basic requirement.
Egg. The code is to generate some values with some valid input conditions. The priority will be assigned so based on the following conditions:
a> It is not accepting any value
b> It is accepting value but output is in non-defined format (say Unicode Characters).
A good example I used some Unicode characters to generate a left defined arrow, it displayed correctly but after saving changes it gave some address value from the
Stack of this server. For more information mail me I will let you know.

An SRS contains the following basic components:
Introduction
Overall Description
External Interface Requirements
System Requirements
System Features

The Functional Requirement specifies how the system or application SHOULD DO where in
Non Functional Requirement it specifies how the system or application SHOULD BE.

Some functional Requirements are

• Authentication
• Business rules
• Historical Data
• Legal and Regulatory Requirements
• External Interfaces

Some Non-Functional Requirements are

• Performance
• Reliability
• Security
• Recovery
• Data Integrity
• Usability