When a translated score, in a test, tells where a person stands in some population of persons who have taken a test, then the test we are using is

The projective test, which uses cartoon formats and studies attitudes, is 

Consider the following statements :

Assertion (A) : Confounding variables are those aspects of a study or sample that might influence the dependent variable.

Reason (R) : Certain variables which cannot be measured or controlled directly may have an effect upon the outcome.

Now select your answer according to the coding scheme given below :

Consider the following statements :

Assertion (A) : The proprium is innate.

Reason (R) : It is in the proprium that we find the root of the consistency that marks attitudes, intentions and evaluations.

Now select your answer according to the coding scheme given below :

Consider the following statements :

Assertion (A) : In phobic disorders, the individual avoids situations that produce severe anxiety or panic

Reason (R) : Individuals with phobic disorders are suicidal and have nocturnal panic.

Now select your answer according to the coding scheme given below :

Serious interpersonal problems such as domestic violence, child abuse, marital conflict, sexual dysfunctions and dysfunctional social relationships occur due to