Directions (next five questions) : Rearrange the following six sentence (A), (B), (C),(D), (E) and (F) in a proper sequence to form a meaningful paragraph, then answer the given questions.
(A) Take for example, the market for learning dancing.
(B) This could never happen if there was a central board of dancing education which enforced strict standards of what will be taught and how enforced strict standard of what sill be taught and how such things are to be taught.
(C) The Indian education system is built on the presumption that if somethiing is good for one child, it is good for all children.
(D) More importantly, different teachers and institutes have developed different ways of teaching dancing.
(E) There are very different dance forms that attract students with different tastes.
(F) If however, we can effectively decentralise education, and if the government did not obsessively control what would be the "syllabus" and what will be the method of instruction, there could be an explosion of new and innovative courses geared towards serving various riches of learners.
Directions (next ten questions) : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below. Certain words/phrases have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
Manufacturers of consumer packaged goods (CPG) face two key challenges this year. The first is continued slow or key challenges this year. The first is continued slow or negative growth in people’s disposable incomes. The second is changing consumer attitudes towards products and brands, as the great fragmentation of consumer markets take another turn. In responses, companies must dramatically shift the routes they take to reach consumers in terms of both product distribution and communications. In many markets, consumer wages have been static for five years now. Even where economies are starting to perform better, the squeeze on after-tax wages, especially for the middle class, younger people and families, is depressing consumer spending. Although growth in developing counties is still better than in the United States and Europe, a slowdown in emerging countries such as China- where many companies had hoped for higher sales – has translated quickly into lower-than-expected consumer spending growth.
Meanwhile, what we call the great fragmentation is manifested in consumer behavior and market response. In both developed and emerging markets, there is a wider variety among consumers now than at any time in the recent past. Growth is evident both at the top of the market (where more consumers are spending for higher-quality food and other packaged goods) and at the lower end (where an increasing number of consumers are concentrating on value). But the traditional middle of the market is shrinking.
Further, individual consumer behavior is more pluralistic. We are used to seeing, for example, spirits buyers purchasing a premium brand in a bar, a less costly label at home for personal consumption and yet another when entertaining guests. But this type of variegated shopping has now spread to the grocery basket as well. Fewer consumers are making one big stocking-up trip each week. Instead, shoppers are visiting a premium store and a discounter as well as a supermarket, in multiple weekly shops – in addition to making frequent purchases online. During recession, more shoppers became inclined to spend time hunting for bargains and as some traditional retailers either went out of business or shuttered down, retail space was freed up and was often filled by convenience stores, specially shops, and discounters. A decade ago, CPG companies had only a handful of sales channels to consider supermarkets, convenience stores, hypermarkets in advanced economies and traditional small and large retailers in emerging countries. Since then, various discounters have made significant inroads, including no frills, low variety outlets, such as Europe’s Aldi and Lidl, which sell a limited range of private-label grocery items in smaller stores and massive warehouse clubs, such as Costco and Sam’s club, which initially operated solely in the U.S. but are now expanding internationally. In addition, dollar stores, specialized retailers, and online merchants are having an impact on the CPG landscape. Economising consumers have been pleasantly, surprised by the savings generated by spreading their business among multiple channels, as well as by the variety and product quality they find. The result has been greater demand for more products and brands, with different size, packaging and sales methods. At most CPG companies, SKUs are proliferating despite there being little increase in overall consumption. A better outcome can be seen at smaller food and beverage suppliers, which are benefiting from consumer demand for variety and authenticity. A recent report found that in the U.S., small manufacturers (with revenues of less than US$1 billion) grew at twice the compound annual rate of large manufacturers (with revenues of more than $3 billion) between 2009 and 2012).
Consumers media usage has also fragmented with the rise of digital content and the proliferation of online devices. Each channel-from the Web, Mobile and social sites to readio, TV, and print- has its own requirements, audience the same time, media campaigns need to be closely co-ordinated for effective consumer messaging.
Collectively, these shifts challenge the way CPG companies manage their band and business portfolios and call for a rethinking of their go-to-market approach, with an emphasis on analytics. Our work with INSEAD shows that among business leaders, applying analytics – especially for tracking consumer behaviour and product and promotional performance-is considered one of the most effective ways to improve results and outpace the competition. But it’s not improve results and outpace the competition. But it’s not just about insight. It’s also about using the insight wisely to determine how to manage costs. The more knowledgeable about customer needs and preference a company is, the smarter and more focused it must be in managing its own economics to cost-effectively deliver both variety and value to the squeezed consumer.
Directions (next five questions) : Study the table to answer the given questions.
Data related to expenses by companies A, B, C, D
and E in April 2012
|
Company
|
Total Expenses
(in INR lakh)
|
Expense (in percentage)
|
|
Marketing
|
Legal
|
|
A
|
90
|
24
|
18
|
|
B
|
80
|
23
|
8
|
|
C
|
74
|
30
|
25
|
|
D
|
65
|
20
|
10
|
|
E
|
70
|
15
|
9
|
(Note : Other than the mentioned expenses under the given heads. there may also be some other expense. For calculation purpose, please consider the given expense heads only.)
Directions (next five questions) : Study the information carefully and answer the given questions.
Eight persons - A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a circular area of equal disatance between each other, but not necessarily in the same order. Some of the people are facing the centre while some face outside (i.e. in a direction opposite to the centre).
(Note : Same direction means if one person is facing the centre then the other also faces the centre and vice-versa. Opposite direction means that if one person is facing the centre then the other person faces outside and vice-versa). D sits third to the right of B. E sits second to the left of B. Immediate neighbours of B face the same direction (i.e. if one neighbour faces the centre the other neighbour also faces the centre and vice-versa). C sits second to the left of E. E faces the centre. F sits third to the right of C. G sits second to the left of H. H is not an immediate neighbour of B. G faces the same direction as D. Immediate neighbours of E face opposite directions(i.e. if one neighbour faces the centre the other neighbour faces outside and vice-versa). Immediate neighbours of F face opposite direction (i.e. if one neighbour faces the centre the other neighbour faces outside and vice-versa).
Directions (next six questions) : Study the given information carefully and answer the given questions.
Seven people - A, B, C, D, K, L and M live on seven different floors of a building but not necessarily in the same order. The lowermost floor of the building is numbered one, the one above that is numbered two and so on till the topmost floor is numbered seven. Each one of them also likes different games namely-Snooker, Badminton, Chess, Ludo, Cricket, Hockey and Polo (but not necessarily in the same order.)
Only three people live between B and K. B lives on one of the floors above K. K does not live on the lowermost floor. Only one person lives between B and the one who likes Chess. The one who likes Polo lives on one of the even numbered floors above the one who likes Chess.
Only two people live between M and the one who likes Chess. The one who likes Snooker lives immediately above M. A lives immediately above L. A does not like Chess. The one who likes Ludo lives on one of the odd numbered floors below L. M does not like Ludo. D lives on one of the floors above C. Only one person lives between the one who likes Cricket and the one who likes Hockey. D does not like Cricket. M does not like Badminton.
Directions (next three questions) : study the folowing information and answer the given questions.
J is the sister of T. T is married to D. D is the father of R.
M is the son of H. T is the mother-in-law of H.
D has only one son and no daughter.
J is married to B. L is the daughter of B.
Directions (next five questions): Study the given information carefully to answer the given questions.
In a certain code language,
'efforts required in teaching' is written as 'dp kj te hy'
'teaching kids is tough' is written as 'cs re mb gr'
'kids heart is huge' is written as 'cs re mb gr'
'task required huge efforts' is written as 'hy kj re ba'
(All codes are two letter codes only)
Directions (next five questions) : Study the following information to answer the given questions.
Eight friends-- E,F,G,H,L,M,N and O are seated in a straight line, facing north, but not necessarily in the same order.
O sits at the extreme right end of the line. Only four people sit between O and G.
Both F and M are immediate neighbours of G.
Only two people sit between M and L. L is not an immediate neighbour of O.
N sits second to left of E.