During cutting cycle, when the knife pulls the material from beneath, the upper layers of the ream are cut shorter than the lower layer. This is termed as 

------------- is used in the cutting machine to prevent the knife from becoming dull and even break. 

--------------- is the process of stabilization of the adhesive binding through surface pressing after the case in operation.

Printed signatures have fold marks, indicated by broken lines, that are used to set up the folder are said to be

In book binding, the knife fold principle in folding is known as 

In ------------ type of index cutting, half-moon cuts are made into the book.